Dalmatian Dog Necklace in 925 Silver and Crystal

Symbol of love and fidelity on the skin and in the heart. Anyone who still has or has had the good fortune in the past to share his life with a four- legged friend knows it!

The dog (Canis lupus familiaris) is a carnivorous mammal ascribed to the genus Canis (canidae family). With domestication it distinguished itself from its predecessor, the wolf, of which it represents a neotenic form (although there is still some divergence in this regard) and with respect to which it has less sharp canines, a longer intestine, and lacks sharp claws .

The dog is extremely variable in its biological characteristics, due to the selection made by nature (from the areas of origin) and above all by man (his life partner since prehistoric times). The weight can vary from 700 g to 90 kg. It has a menstrual cycle repeated twice a year (as opposed to wolves which have only one oestrus period) and this characteristic is partly due to man to facilitate breeding and selection.

The sense of smell

The main distinguishing feature of the dog is the sense of smell, derived from its prehistoric activity as a hunter. A fundamental part of its odor recognition process is the conformation of its nose (the truffle) but above all the very rich internal mucosa, capable of distinguishing only one molecule of a substance out of millions. The nose in the dog represents the terminal end of the nose of the same. The imprint of the convolutions that distinguish it is specific to the individual and, like the fingerprints of the human being, can be used as an effective recognition system.

Evolutionarily, it was believed (starting from Konrad Lorenz's studies) that the dog could descend from the wolf or the jackal, or from both, which would have given rise to different primitive races, from which the many current forms would have derived.

The most recent studies based on genetics, supported by paleontological insights, have led to the valid recognition of the gray wolf (Canis lupus lupus) as the progenitor of the domestic dog, recognized as a subspecies (Canis lupus familiaris). The hypotheses on the domestication process are still uncertain. One of the most accredited hypotheses is that of the spouses Ray and Lorna Coppinger, biologists, who propose the theory of a "natural domestication" of the wolf, a natural selection of subjects less skilled in hunting, but at the same time less fearful of man, that would have begun to follow the first groups of nomadic hunters, feeding on the remains of their meals, but unknowingly providing a valuable "sentinel" service, later settling near the first settlements, and giving way to a surprising cohabitation between two species of predators, with mutual benefits.

Some of these "wild dogs" would then have been approached and adopted into the human community (dogs of the village, the "pariah dogs" which are still found today in some societies, "of the whole village", tolerated for their role as scavengers and of predators of small vermin), giving rise to a perfect example of coevolution. Almost certainly, as also demonstrated by the studies of Dimitri Belayev, the natural selection based on the character attitudes towards domestication has caused the appearance of physical changes (from the reduction of the cranial volume, to the shortening of the teeth, but also the appearance of characteristics such as white on the coat and the tails rolled up).

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